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   生產和(he)生活最常見的鉛蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通過化學反(fan)應(ying)儲(chu)藏起來，到另一個(ge)場合(he)或(huo)另一時段使用。鉛蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)雖(sui)然(ran)造價較(jiao)(jiao)低，但也(ye)有相應(ying)的弱點(dian)，諸如(ru)能(neng)量轉換效率較(jiao)(jiao)低、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)反(fan)復充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)易老化導致(zhi)使用壽命短(duan)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)能(neng)量（Wh/kg）和(he)比(bi)(bi)(bi)功(gong)率（W/kg）小使設(she)備笨重、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長等(deng)；現在(zai)(zai)(zai)我們在(zai)(zai)(zai)手機上使用的鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，雖(sui)然(ran)也(ye)有許多(duo)優點(dian)，但它(ta)價格昂(ang)貴且儲(chu)藏電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)有限，不(bu)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大功(gong)率場合(he)下使用；所以正在(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)發研(yan)制的超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，相比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)而(er)言，就有著一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)無可比(bi)(bi)(bi)擬的優點(dian)，它(ta)的前景不(bu)可限量。

    結構(gou)

    超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)比通常的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)大得多。由于其容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)很(hen)大，對外表(biao)現和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相同，因此也稱作“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)”或(huo)說“黃金電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)”。超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)也屬于雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi),它(ta)是目前(qian)世界上已投入量(liang)產(chan)的(de)(de)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)中容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)最大的(de)(de)一(yi)種,其基(ji)本原理和(he)其它(ta)種類的(de)(de)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)一(yi)樣(yang),都是利用活(huo)性(xing)炭多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質組成的(de)(de)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)結構(gou)獲得超大的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)。

    傳統物(wu)理電(dian)容(rong)中儲(chu)存的電(dian)能(neng)(neng)來源于電(dian)荷(he)在兩塊極(ji)(ji)板上的分(fen)離(li),兩塊極(ji)(ji)板之間(jian)為(wei)真空(kong)(相(xiang)對介電(dian)常數(shu)為(wei)1)或(huo)一(yi)層介電(dian)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(相(xiang)對介電(dian)常數(shu)為(wei)ε)所(suo)隔離(li),電(dian)容(rong)值為(wei):C = ε·A / 3.6 πd ·10-6 (μF) 其中A為(wei)極(ji)(ji)板面(mian)積(ji),d為(wei)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚度。所(suo)儲(chu)存的能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)為(wei): E = C (ΔV)2/2，其中C為(wei)電(dian)容(rong)值,ΔV為(wei)極(ji)(ji)板間(jian)的電(dian)壓降.可見,若想獲(huo)得較大的電(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang),儲(chu)存更多的能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang),必須(xu)增大面(mian)積(ji)A或(huo)減少介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚度d，但(dan)這個伸縮空(kong)間(jian)有限(xian)，導致它的儲(chu)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)和儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)較小(xiao)。

    工作原理

    雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器中(zhong),采(cai)用(yong)活(huo)性炭(tan)材料(liao)制作成多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),同時(shi)在相(xiang)對的(de)(de)(de)碳多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間充填電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶(rong)液(ye)(ye),當在兩(liang)端施(shi)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi),相(xiang)對的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)分(fen)別聚(ju)集正負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi),而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)正負離(li)子(zi)將(jiang)由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用(yong)分(fen)別聚(ju)集到(dao)與正負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板相(xiang)對的(de)(de)(de)界(jie)(jie)面上(shang),從而(er)形成兩(liang)個集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng),相(xiang)當于兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器串聯,由于活(huo)性碳材料(liao)具(ju)有≥1200m2/g的(de)(de)(de)超(chao)高比表面積(即(ji)獲得(de)了極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)面積A),而(er)且(qie)(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)與多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)界(jie)(jie)面距離(li)不到(dao)1nm(即(ji)獲得(de)了極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)小的(de)(de)(de)介質厚度d),根據前(qian)面的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算公式(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以看出,這種雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器比傳統的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)值要大很多(duo),比容(rong)(rong)量可(ke)(ke)(ke)以提(ti)高100倍(bei)以上(shang), 從而(er)使(shi)(shi)單位重量的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量可(ke)(ke)(ke)達100F/g，并且(qie)(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)內阻還能保持在很低的(de)(de)(de)水平，碳材料(liao)還具(ju)有成本低，技(ji)術成熟(shu)等(deng)優點。從而(er)使(shi)(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器進(jin)行大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)(de)儲能成為可(ke)(ke)(ke)能，且(qie)(qie)在實際使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以通過串聯或(huo)者并聯以提(ti)高輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。